Técnicas analíticas para la caracterización de documentos: una revisión bibliográfica

  • Gemma María Contreras Subdirección General del Institut Valencià de Conservació, Restauració i Investigació (IVCR+i) Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, España
  • Javier Becerra Luna Universidad Pablo de Olavide
Keywords: Analytical techniques, manuscripts, characterization, diagnosis

Abstract

The interest in the conservation of manuscripts has grown in recent decades, either for their artistic value or for the unique information they hold. For this, it is necessary to know both the materials used and their alterations, in order to discern the best restoration treatment according to their characteristics.

The implementation of analytical techniques applied to this field of study has allowed us to improve knowledge about documentary and bibliographic heritage. Thus, elementary techniques (X-ray dispersive energies, X-ray fluorescence, etc.) or molecular techniques (infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, etc.) can be used to analyze inorganic or organic materials. Although many of these studies have been aimed at studying illuminated manuscripts, it is important to take into consideration the published studies on the characterization of metallographic inks, which are related to the preservation of information and to the degradation of the support. The use of imaging techniques (optical microscopy, infrared photography, electron microscopy, etc.) makes it possible to complement diagnostic and material identification studies. However, a detailed knowledge of the studied manuscript requires the design of a protocol that complements the information obtained by selecting the most appropriate techniques based on the characteristics of the manuscript and the availability of them.

The main objective of this paper is simplified the maker decision around the selection of analytical techniques and not only giving a bibliographical review of the main studies about the analysis of supports and supported materials, Additionally,  a protocol have been designed to make easier to the restorer the choose of analytical techniques according to the materials to characterized and the available sources.

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Author Biography

Gemma María Contreras, Subdirección General del Institut Valencià de Conservació, Restauració i Investigació (IVCR+i) Generalitat Valenciana, Valencia, España

Gemma Mª Contreras Zamorano has a degree in Geography and History, specialized in Art, by the University of Valencia, where she obtained the DEA and the PhD degree with a research about inks of Valencian manuscripts between 1250 and 1600. In addition, she has a degree in Fine Arts, specialized in conservation and restoration of cultural heritage, by the Polytechnic University of Valencia. She is currently a professor in the master of Diagnosis of the State of Preservation of the Historical Heritage at the Pablo de Olavide University (Seville), which she previously studied. Since 1999, she has worked for the Generalitat Valenciana as a restorer of graphic works and archival material. In 2008, she got the position of section head of this department at the Valencià Institute of Conservation and Restoration. Since November 2015, she is director of this institution.

She has two books about cultural heritage and conservation, and 50 articles about paper restoration and research on materials and application techniques. She has conducted several courses about conservation and restoration of graphic artworks and archival materials at Spanish and international universities (Basque Country, Seville, Managua-Nicaragua, Quito-Ecuador), as well as other public institutions such as the Alhambra in Granada, Arxiu de la Seu d'Urgell, Suleymaniye Library (Istanbul), CIRMA (Guatemala), INHCA (Nicaragua).

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Published
2020-06-25
How to Cite
Contreras, G. M., & Becerra Luna, J. (2020). Técnicas analíticas para la caracterización de documentos: una revisión bibliográfica. Ge-Conservacion, 17(1), 251-266. https://doi.org/10.37558/gec.v17i1.760